Complete English Grammar Course Notes

Table of Contents

Phrase – a group of words without a complete meaning

Sentence :-

Sentence – 2 parts – Ravi singh loves me.

here – Ravi is a “Subject”

here – loves me is a “Predicate”

Sentence Types – (i) Structure (ii) Function

Structure –
1. Simple sentence – sub + verb + obj.
  1. ex. Aanchal has done his work.
2. Compound sentence – Independent sent. +(counj.)+ Independent sent.
  1. ex. Kunika has done his work and Mahi liked it .
3. Complex sentence – Independent sent.(principal clause) Dependent sent. (subordinate clause)
  1. Ex. I know Raju, whose books are stolen.
    1. here – ‘I know raju’ is a – principal clause
    2. here – ‘whose books are stolen’ is a – subordinate clause
Function-
1. Declarative sentence/Assertive sentence.
  1. Positive sentence – (S +HV+MV+O)
    1. Ex. Neha singh will know the direction.
    2. Rohan has done the work.
    3. Raunak will come.
  2. Negative sentence – (S+HV+NOT+MV+O)
    1. Ex. Neha singh will not know the direction
2. Interrogative sentence (?)
  1. Close ended(yes/no) – (HV+S+MV+O+?)
    1. ex. Do you love me?
  2. Open ended (explain) – (Question word + HV + S + MV + O……?)
    1. ex. what are you doing?
3. Imperative sentence – V(1) + OBJ ; do not + V(1) + obj
  1. ex. Keep quiet
  2. Help me
4. Exclamatory sentence (sudden feelings)
  1. Wow! I have got a new scooty.
  2. How pretty you are !
  3. Oh no! I missed my train!
  4. Wow! You have scored full marks.
  5. Alas! He is no more.
  6. Hurray! We won the match.
5. Optative sentence – wish, curse, bless, pray
  1. ex. God bless you
  2. Get well soon my dear.

:- Helping verbs which represent the mood(attitude) of the speakers.

1.Pure modal auxiliary –

may – might

can – could

will – would

shall – should

have to/has to – had to

ought ot – must

2.Defective/semi modal auxiliary

need, dare, used to

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